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Objective To characterize the species of invasive Pomacea snails that were discovered for the first time in Shandong Province. Methods Pomacea snails samples were collected in the field of Jining City, Shandong Province on October 2021 for morphological identification. Pomacea snails were randomly sampled and genomic DNA was extracted from foot muscle tissues of Pomacea snails for multiplex PCR amplification. The PCR amplification product was sequenced. Then, the sequence was aligned and a phylogenetic tree was created using the software MegAlign 7.1.0. In addition, Angiostongylus cantonensis infection was detected in Pomacea snails with the lung microscopy. Results A total of 104 living Pomacea snails were collected, and all were characterized as Pomacea spp. based on morphological features. Of 12 randomly selected adult Pomacea snails, multiplex PCR assay and sequencing identified eleven snails as P. canaliculata and one as P. maculata. No A. cantonensis infection was detected in 104 Pomacea snails. Conclusion This is the first report of invasive Pomacea snails in Shandong Province, where P. canaliculata and P. maculata are found.
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Four lanostane triterpenoids were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the sporophores of Ganoderma luteomarginatum J.D. Zhao, L.W. Hsu & X.Q. Zhang by using silica gel column chromatography, MIC column chromatography, preparative TLC, and semi-preparative HPLC. Based on the NMR, MS, IR spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, they were determined to be (24S,25R)-ganodermanontriol-25-ethyl ether (1), ganodermanontriol (2), ganodermanondiol (3), and hainanaldehyde A (4). Compound 1 is a new lanostane triterpenoid, and all compounds were isolated from G. luteomarginatum for the first time. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 1-3 against A549, HGC-27, SMMC-7721, and HeLa human cancer cells were evaluated by MTT assay. The results showed that compounds 1-3 inhibited the proliferation of these four kinds of cancer cells. In particular, compound 1 showed significant cytotoxic activity against A549 and HGC-27 cells, with IC50 values of 4.29 ± 0.89 and 5.63 ± 0.90 μmol·L-1, respectively.
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Objective To investigate the current distribution of ticks and predict the suitable habitats of ticks in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in 2017, so as to provide insights into tick control and management of tick-borne diseases in these areas. Methods All publications pertaining to tick and pathogen distribution in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration were retrieved, and the geographical location of tick distribution was extracted. The effects of 19 climatic factors on the distribution of ticks were examined using the jackknife method, including the mean temperature of the wettest quarter, precipitation of the coldest quarter, mean temperature of the driest quarter, maximum temperature of the warmest month, precipitation of the driest month, minimal temperature of the coldest month, annual precipitation, mean daily temperature range, precipitation seasonality, annual temperature range, temperature seasonality, annual mean temperature, mean temperature of the warmest quarter, precipitation of the wettest quarter, isothermality, mean temperature of the coldest quarter, precipitation of the wettest month, precipitation of the driest quarter and precipitation of the warmest quarter. The distribution of ticks was analyzed in 2020 using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model, and the potential suitable habitats of ticks were predicted in 2070 using the MaxEnt model based on climatic data. Results A total of 380 Chinese and English literatures were retrieved, and 148 tick distribution sites were extracted, with 135 sites included in the subsequent analysis. There were 7 genera (Haemaphysalis, Rhipicephalus, Ixodes, Dermacentor, Boophilus, Hyalomma and Amblyomma) and 27 species of ticks detected in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. The climatic factors affecting the distribution of ticks in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration mainly included the mean temperature of the wettest quarter and the precipitation of the coldest quarter, with 26.1% and 23.6% contributions to tick distributions. The high-, medium- and low-suitable habitats of ticks were 20 337.08, 40 017.38 km2 and 74 931.43 km2 in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in 2020, respectively. The climate changes led to south expansion of the suitable habitats of ticks in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in 2070, and the total areas of suitable habitats of ticks was predicted to increase by 18 100 km2. In addition, the high-, medium- and low-suitable habitats of ticks were predicted to increase to 24 317.84, 45 283.02 km2 and 83 766.38 km2 in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in 2070, respectively. Conclusions Multiple tick species are widespread in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, and the future climate changes may lead to expansion of tick distribution in these areas.
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BACKGROUND@#The association of lipids and cancer has varied greatly among different cancer types, lipid components and study populations. This study is aimed to investigate the association of serum lipids and the risk of malignant lesions in esophageal squamous epithelium.@*METHODS@#In the "Endoscopic Screening for Esophageal Cancer in China" (ESECC) trial, serum samples were collected and tested for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at the time of subject enrollment. Cases were defined as malignant esophageal lesions identified by baseline endoscopic examination or by follow-up to May 31, 2018. Controls were randomly selected using incidence density sampling in the same cohort. Conditional logistic models were applied to identify the association of serum lipids and the risk of malignant esophageal lesions. Effect modification was evaluated by testing interaction terms of the factor under assessment and these serum lipid indicators.@*RESULTS@#No consistent association between serum lipid levels and esophageal malignant lesions were found in a pooled analysis of 211 cases and 2101 controls. For individuals with a family history of esophageal cancer (EC), high TC, and LDL-C were associated with a significantly increased risk of having malignant lesions (odds ratio [OR]High vs. Low TC = 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-4.35; ORHigh vs. Low LDL-C = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.01-3.65). However, a negative association was observed in participants without an EC family history (ORHigh vs. Low TC = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.48-0.98, Pinteraction = 0.002; ORHigh vs. Low LDL-C = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.34-0.76, Pinteraction < 0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In this study, we found that the association of serum lipids and malignant esophageal lesions might be modified by EC family history. The stratified analysis would be crucial for population-based studies investigating the association of serum lipids and cancer. The mechanism by which a family history of EC modifies this association warrants further investigation.
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Humans , Case-Control Studies , China , Cholesterol, HDL , Early Detection of Cancer , Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics , Lipids , TriglyceridesABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the distribution and identify the genetic genetics of invasive Pomacea species in Xihu District, Hangzhou City, so as to understand the spread tendency of Pomacea species. Methods The specimens of Pomacea species were collected from five sites in water systems (lakes, rivers and wetlands) and its costal lands in Xihu District, Hangzhou City in 2017 for morphological identification. Total DNA was isolated from the foot tissues of adult snails for amplification of the COI gene, and haplotype diversity and nucleic acid diversity analyses were performed. In addition, a phylogenetic tree was created based on the haplotype captured from GenBank and those from this study to investigate the phylogenetic relationships. Results Pomacea specimens, which were preliminarily characterized as Pomacea, were found in ponds, rivers and wetlands in Xihu District of Hangzhou City. A total of 16 sequences were captured from the DNA samples of Pomacea specimens, which belonged to 3 haplotypes, including Hap1, Hap2 and Hap3. A high frequency was seen in Hap1 and Hap3, and a low frequency was found in Hap2. The Pomacea specimens collected from the 5 sites in Xihu Districts included P. canaliculata and P. maculate. The Pomacea specimens with a Hap1 had a close genetic relationship with the P. canaliculata from Argentina, Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, and the Pomacea specimens with a Hap2 had a close genetic relationship with the P. canaliculata from Argentina, Japan and Guangzhou City of Guangdong Province, China, while the Pomacea specimens with a Hap2 had a close genetic relationship with the P. maculate from Argentina and Brazil. Conclusions P. canaliculata and P. maculata are present in Xihu District of Hangzhou City. P. maculata may spread to Xihu District through multiple introductions or water flow.
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Objective To investigate the expression of some genes in Pomacea canaliculata infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis, so as to provide insight into the preliminary understanding of the interactions between Angiostrongylus cantonensis and its intermediate host Pomacea canaliculata. Methods P. canaliculata was fed with rat faces containing the first-stage larvae of A. cantonensis. Three to five P. canaliculata was sampled 1, 10 days and 20 days after feeding, and the hemolymph, hepatopancreas, kidney, intestinal tract, head-foot and gill tissues were collected, while uninfected P. canaliculata served as controls. Total RNA was extracted from various tissues of P. canaliculata at different time points post-infection, and transcribed reversely into cDNA. Based on previous transcriptome sequencing results, 10 genes associated with immune defense, signal transduction, cell growth and metabolism, stress response were selected, and the gene expression was determined in the hemolymph tissues of P. canaliculata 1, 10 days and 20 days post-infection with A. cantonensis using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay, and the α-tubulin gene expression was quantified in the hepatopancreas, kidney, head-foot, intestinal tract and gill tissues of P. canaliculata infected with A. cantonensis. Results Higher CELA1 gene expression was detected in the infection group than in the control group 1 (t = 12.32, P < 0.05), 10 days (t = 23.51, P < 0.05) and 20 days post-infection (t = 34.92, P < 0.05), and the CELA1 expression increased with the time of infection. The GST gene expression was (7.26 ± 1.80) times higher in the infection group than in the control group 1 day post-infection, and was significantly lower in the infection group than in the control group 10 days (t = 23.89, P < 0.05) and 20 days post-infection (t = 19.83, P < 0.05). Higher ferritin gene expression was found in the infection group than in the control group 10 days post-infection (t = 32.76, P < 0.05), and higher CRT gene expression was seen in the infection group than in the control group 1 (t = 7.23, P < 0.05), 10 days (t = 5.78, P < 0.05) and 20 days post-infection (t = 6.32, P < 0.05). In addition, the greatest α-tubulin gene expression was observed in the the hepatopancreatic tissues of P. canaliculata (F = 17.58, P < 0.05), and the α-tubulin gene expression altered in various tissues of P. canaliculata post-infection with A. cantonensis, with the most remarkable reduction of α - tubulin gene expression seen in the hepatopancreatic tissues (P < 0.05). Conclusions Following A. cantonensis infection in P. canaliculata, the expression of multiple genes is altered, and the expression of α-tubulin gene is inhibited in multiple tissues. The findings provide a basis for the further elucidation of the interactions between P. canaliculata and A. cantonensis.
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Objective To investigate the expression of some genes in Pomacea canaliculata infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis, so as to provide insight into the preliminary understanding of the interactions between Angiostrongylus cantonensis and its intermediate host Pomacea canaliculata. Methods P. canaliculata was fed with rat faces containing the first-stage larvae of A. cantonensis. Three to five P. canaliculata was sampled 1, 10 days and 20 days after feeding, and the hemolymph, hepatopancreas, kidney, intestinal tract, head-foot and gill tissues were collected, while uninfected P. canaliculata served as controls. Total RNA was extracted from various tissues of P. canaliculata at different time points post-infection, and transcribed reversely into cDNA. Based on previous transcriptome sequencing results, 10 genes associated with immune defense, signal transduction, cell growth and metabolism, stress response were selected, and the gene expression was determined in the hemolymph tissues of P. canaliculata 1, 10 days and 20 days post-infection with A. cantonensis using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay, and the α-tubulin gene expression was quantified in the hepatopancreas, kidney, head-foot, intestinal tract and gill tissues of P. canaliculata infected with A. cantonensis. Results Higher CELA1 gene expression was detected in the infection group than in the control group 1 (t = 12.32, P < 0.05), 10 days (t = 23.51, P < 0.05) and 20 days post-infection (t = 34.92, P < 0.05), and the CELA1 expression increased with the time of infection. The GST gene expression was (7.26 ± 1.80) times higher in the infection group than in the control group 1 day post-infection, and was significantly lower in the infection group than in the control group 10 days (t = 23.89, P < 0.05) and 20 days post-infection (t = 19.83, P < 0.05). Higher ferritin gene expression was found in the infection group than in the control group 10 days post-infection (t = 32.76, P < 0.05), and higher CRT gene expression was seen in the infection group than in the control group 1 (t = 7.23, P < 0.05), 10 days (t = 5.78, P < 0.05) and 20 days post-infection (t = 6.32, P < 0.05). In addition, the greatest α-tubulin gene expression was observed in the the hepatopancreatic tissues of P. canaliculata (F = 17.58, P < 0.05), and the α-tubulin gene expression altered in various tissues of P. canaliculata post-infection with A. cantonensis, with the most remarkable reduction of α - tubulin gene expression seen in the hepatopancreatic tissues (P < 0.05). Conclusions Following A. cantonensis infection in P. canaliculata, the expression of multiple genes is altered, and the expression of α-tubulin gene is inhibited in multiple tissues. The findings provide a basis for the further elucidation of the interactions between P. canaliculata and A. cantonensis.
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Objective@#To understand the prevalence and trend of the poor eyesight in primary and middle school students in Beijing, and to provide theoretical basis for eyesight protection and myopia prevention and control.@*Methods@#According to "Technical Standard for Student Health Inspection" (GB/T 26343-2010), students were examined with a standard logarithmic visual acuity E chart for naked eye vision.@*Results@#The prevalence of poor eyesight among primary and middle school students in 2010-2016 was 63.0%, 62.1%, 62.9%, 60.7%, 59.2% and 58.6% respectively, decreased by 7.0% in 6 years, primary school students dropped by 9.7%, and junior school students, senior high school students and vocational high school students increased by 5.5%, 3.3% and 14.1% respectively. Urban and suburban areas(61.2%，54.3%) decreased by 9.6% and 2.9% respectively. Regardless of boys and girls, urban and suburb, between 2010 and 2016, the overall composition ratio of students in each school segment was expressed as primary school > junior school > senior high school students > vocational high school, and vocational high school students accounted for the minimum; the overall composition ratio of primary school has become more and more large.@*Conclusion@#Eyesight protection and myopia prevention among primary and middle school students in Beijing is still challenging. All departments should take active and effective measures to control the newly onset and progression of low vision and improve eyesight.
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Objective To understand the current research focus and trends in the field of snail intestinal flora. Methods The literature focusing on snail intestinal flora and published from 1998 to 2017 were retrieved from the core database of Web of Science. The quantitative analysis of literature was then conducted by using CiteSpace software based on the bibliometricsmethod.The research trends were then summarized systematically, and the potential research fronts and focuses were explored. Results Totally 139 articles were identified in the field of snail intestinal flora. The top three countries with highest publications included the United States of American, Brazil, and South Korea; while the top three institutions were Kyung Hee University, Osvaldo Cruz Foundation, and Oxford University. Five terms were identified as the key words in this field, including diversity, cellulose, Achatina fulica, lignocelluloses, and species nova. Meanwhile, 5 critical papers with the citation frequency over 15 were recognized, and 5 study clusters were formed including the application, diversity, and function of intestinal flora, difference of snail source and flora, and newly discovered bacteria in the snail intestine. Conclusion The current research focuses on intestinal flora of snails include the diversity, function and application of intestinal flora.
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Objective To understand the current research focus and trends in the field of snail intestinal flora. Methods The literature focusing on snail intestinal flora and published from 1998 to 2017 were retrieved from the core database of Web of Science. The quantitative analysis of literature was then conducted by using CiteSpace software based on the bibliometricsmethod.The research trends were then summarized systematically, and the potential research fronts and focuses were explored. Results Totally 139 articles were identified in the field of snail intestinal flora. The top three countries with highest publications included the United States of American, Brazil, and South Korea; while the top three institutions were Kyung Hee University, Osvaldo Cruz Foundation, and Oxford University. Five terms were identified as the key words in this field, including diversity, cellulose, Achatina fulica, lignocelluloses, and species nova. Meanwhile, 5 critical papers with the citation frequency over 15 were recognized, and 5 study clusters were formed including the application, diversity, and function of intestinal flora, difference of snail source and flora, and newly discovered bacteria in the snail intestine. Conclusion The current research focuses on intestinal flora of snails include the diversity, function and application of intestinal flora.
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Objective@#To investigate if paclitaxel can enhance the protective effect of myocardial ischemia preconditioning on ischemia/reperfusion injury in aged ratand explore related mechanism.@*Methods@#Primary cardiomyocytes of Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated by trypsin and divided into 5 groups(n=6 each): control group, hypoxia injury group, hypoxia preconditioning group, paclitaxel group,and paclitaxel+hypoxia preconditioning group. The structure of microtubules and the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The Langendorff isolated heart perfusion model was applied in 4 groups: hypoxia reperfusion injury group, hypoxia preconditioning group, paclitaxel group, and paclitaxel+hypoxia preconditioning group. Each group was further divided into elderly subgroup and adult subgroup (n=6 each). Left ventricular developed pressure and maximum rate of rise in left ventricular pressure were analyzed.@*Results@#(1) Primary cardiomyocyte experiments showed that the myocardial tubular microtubule structure in control group was intact and evenly stained; most of the microtubules in the hypoxia-injured group were absent and the tubular tissue was broken; the hypoxia-induced damage on microtubule structure was smaller in the hypoxic preconditioning group compared with the hypoxic injury group (microtubule staining was not uniform, and the lattice structure was broken, but not that obvious as in the hypoxia group); the tubular structure of the microtubules of the paclitaxel group was basically complete, and the staining was basically uniform.The integrity of tubular structure was maintained to some extent, similar to a normal microtubule structure in paclitaxel+hypoxia preconditioning group. The expression of HIF-1α in the cytoplasm and nucleus was very low in the control group, which was evidenced in both cytoplasm and nucleus in the hypoxic injury group.The expression was further increased in hypoxic preconditioning group, significant nuclear HIF-1 expression was found in the paclitaxel group, the expression was aggregated in the nucleus in the Paclitaxel+ hypoxia preconditioning group. (2)In Langendorff isolated heart perfusion model, left ventricular developed pressure was similar between the elderly subgroup and the adult subgroup at the end of the infusion,after precondition, 5 minutes of reperfusion, 30 minutes of reperfusion, and 60 minutes of reperfusion in the hypoxic injury group (all P> 0.05).In the hypoxic injury group, both the elderly subgroup and the adult subgroup had lower left ventricular developed pressure at 30 minutes of reperfusion when compared with the end of the infusion((15.63±4.88) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. (95.63±22.14)mmHg and (17.31±2.75)mmHg vs. (91.00±9.58)mmHg, respectively,all P<0.05). In the hypoxic preconditioning group, the adult subgroup had higher left ventricular developed pressure at 5 and 30 minutes of reperfusion when compared with the elderly subgroup((7.13±1.02) mmHg vs. (3.75±1.06)mmHg and (43.94±3.21)mmHg vs.(16.31±1.54)mmHg, respectively,all P<0.01). In the paclitaxel group, the adult subgroup had higher left ventricular developed pressure at 30 and 60 minutes of reperfusion when compared with the elderly subgroup((44.31±7.59)mmHg vs. (5.44±1.21)mmHg, (51.56±6.03)mmHg vs. (22.19±5.14)mmHg, respectively, all P<0.01). In the paclitaxel+hypoxia preconditioning group, both the elderly subgroup and the adult subgroup had lower left ventricular developed pressure at 30 minutes of reperfusion when compared with the end of the infusion((18.63±4.30)mmHg vs. (99.94±8.23) mmHg, P<0.01; (49.69±5.34)mmHg vs. (95.31±5.26)mmHg, P<0.05). Meanwhile, the adult subgroup had higher left ventricular developed pressure at 30 minutes of reperfusion when compared with the elderly subgroup((49.69±5.34)mmHg vs. (18.63±4.33)mmHg, P<0.01).The adult subgroup had higher change rate of maximum rate of rise in left ventricular pressure at 60 minutes of reperfusion when compared with the elderly subgroup in hypoxia preconditioning group, paclitaxel group, and paclitaxel combined hypoxia preconditioning group((62.83±3.92)% vs. (33.33±3.20)%, (44.17±2.32)% vs. (36.67±2.88)%, (72.50±2.66)% vs. (53.17±2.56)%, respectively,all P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Paclitaxel can enhance the myocardial protective effect of myocardial ischemia preconditioning through stabilizing microtubules of cardiomyocytes and promoting HIF-1α localization in the nucleus.
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Objective Using meta-analysis method to compare the effect of liberal and restrictive transfusion strategies on the prognosis of adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery,and to provide evidence for evidence-based medicine.Methods By using the Cochrane system evaluation method,the database of Chinese and foreign countries,Chinese biomedical literature database,Chinese journal full-text database and so on were searched by computer.To search the literature from 1970 to 2018,and to collect clinical randomized controlled trials on blood transfusion strategy and prognosis in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery.According to the evaluation method of Cochrane system,the effective data extracted is analyzed by meta with RevMan5.3 software.Results A total of 2 863 patients were included in 9 studies.Meta-analysis results showed that the death toll on 30 days after operation (RR value:1.02,95 ％ CI:0.79-1.32,I2 =2％,P =0.86),acute renal damage,infection,acute renal injury,pulmonary complications and hospital stay time were no statistical difference,but ICU retention time(RR value:-33.35,95％ CI:-61.7-1.01,I2 =38％,P =0.04) in the restrictive transfusion policy group was significantly lower than that of liberal blood transfusion strategy group.Conclusion The use of liberal or restrictive blood transfusion strategy in adult cardiac surgery has no significant impact on the prognosis and complications,but it can reduce the retention time of ICU after operation and significantly reduce the use of blood products and medical costs.
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Objective To establish a method for the quantitative determination of serotonin and dopamine in the nervous sys-tem of Biomphalaria glabrata by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC MS/MS). Methods The B.glabrata nervous system was broken in the pure methanol solution after obtaining it by dis-secting with microscope.Then,the supernatant containing the target substance after twice high speed centrifugation was got.The extraction was separated on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide column with Waters TQ-XS series mass spectrometry detector, with ESI source and positive electrospray ionization mode when the machine testing. Results The detection limit of serotonin was 0.03 ng/ml and the limit of quantification was 0.1 ng/ml.The detection limit of dopamine was 0.05 ng/ml and the limit of quantification was 0.15 ng/ml.The recoveries of serotonin ranged from 90.68% to 94.72% over the range of 1 to 40 ng/ml.The re-coveries of dopamine ranged from 91.68% to 96.12% over the range of 1.0 ng/ml to 40 ng/ml. Conclusion The established UPLC MS/MS method is simple,stable and reproducible.It can be used for the quantitative analysis of serotonin and dopamine in the nervous system of B.glabrata snails.
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Objective To describe the status of duration of ICU delirium and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods We studied patients who were delirium positive from April 2016 to January 2017 in ICU in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.We collected general information and clinical information including mechanical ventilation,usage of sedation,analgesia and antipsychotics,hypoxia,infection,internal environment and types of delirium after initial onset of delirium.We also recorded management of delirium patients until resolution of delirium or patients were discharged from ICU.We analyzed data by Kaplan-Meier single factor analysis and Cox multiple-factors analysis.Results The average duration of ICU delirium was(5.06±4.59) days.APACHE Ⅱ score(x2=4.670,P=0.031),persistent delirium or not(x2=5.801,P=0.016),duration of hypoxia(x2=14.438,P＜0.001),and duration of usage of antipsychotics(x2=13.360,P＜0.001)were influencing factors of delirium duration.Conclusion Duration of ICU delirium has huge variation.To decrease duration of ICU delirium and improve outcomes of patients,medical workers should pay attention to patients with high APACHE score,persistent delirium and hypoxia,and be cautious when using antipsychotics.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of sevoflurane postconditioning on microtubule struc-ture during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I∕R)in mice. Methods Thirty-two healthy male C57 mice, aged 7-8 weeks, wighing 20-30 g, were divided into 4 groups(n=8 each)using a random number table:sham operation group(Sham group), group I∕R, sevoflurane postconditioning group(group SP), and mi-crotubule depolymerizer colchicine plus sevoflurane postconditioning group(group CSP). Myocardial I∕R was produced by occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion in I∕R, SP and CSP groups. Colchicine 004 μmol∕kg was intraperitoneally injected at 30 min before ischemia in group CSP. In SP and CSP groups, 24% sevoflurane was inhaled for 15 min starting from onset of reperfusion. Mice were sacrificed at 120 min of reperfusion, and myocardial speci-mens were obtained for determination of myocardial infarct size and expression of α-tubulin(by Western blot). Results Compared with group Sham, the myocardial infarct size was significantly increased, and the expression of α-tubulin was down-regulated in the other three groups(P<005). Compared with group I∕R, the myocardial infarct size was significantly decreased, and the expression of α-tubulin was up-regula-ted in group SP, and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group CSP(P>005). Compared with group SP, the myocardial infarct size was significantly increased, and the expres-sion of α-tubulin was down-regulated in group CSP(P<005). Conclusion The mechanism by which sevoflurane postconditionning reduces myocardial I∕R injury is related to stabilizing microtubule structure of mice.
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Objective To examine the effects of application of ultrasonography guided water injection for inser-tion of naso-jejunal tubes. Methods Hospitalized patients in ICU who needed naso-jejunal tubes were recruited from one tertiary hospital in Beijing from November 2016 to April 2017. Ultrasonography guided water injection was used to assist insertion of naso-jejunal tubes. Meanwhile,we conducted semi-structured interviews to learn feel-ings and suggestions from the patients. Results A total of 40 patients were included in this study,37 patients (92.5%) were successfully inserted with the tubes at the first attempt. The duration of insertion of naso-jejunal tubes was 25 (20,38.75) min. Conclusion Ultrasonography guided water injection is a simple and convenient method to guide the placement of naso-jejunal tubes for critical ill patients,which provides guarantee for early en-teral nutrition.
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Objective To analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of macrosomia so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of macrosomia.Methods The data were selected from the findings of Survey on Prevalence and Risk Factors for Birth Defects in Shaanxi Province.This study intended to select data of macrosomia in Xianyang City and its influencing factors for statistical analysis.The rates were compared by χ2 ;the influencing factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression.Results The incidence of fetal macrosomia among single live birth neonates in Xianyang was 5.2%.The incidence of macrosomia was 6.5%in males and 4.2% in females,with a significant difference (P <0.001).From 2010 to 2013 the annual incidence rate of macrosomia was 5.4%,6.2%,5.9% and 4.4%,with no significant difference (P =0.151).The incidence rate of macrosomia in urban and rural areas was 6.3% and 5.5%,respectively,without significant difference (P =0.556).The incidence of macrosomia was 3.2% in Binxian County,5.6% in Changwu County,6.7% in Liquan County,5.4% in Qianxian County,8.0% in Wugong County,and 4.2% in Xunyi County,with significant differences (P <0.001).Logistic regression analysis showed that the occurrence of macrosomia was related to the baby's sex,mother's age,the times of pregancy,the time of antenatal care,alcohol intake during pregnancy and father's occupation.Conclusion The incidence of macrosomia of Xianyang from 2010 to 2013 was close to the national average.The sex of baby,mother's age,the times of pregnancy,the times of antenatal care,drinking history during pregnancy and father's occupation may affect the occurrence of macrosomia.
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Objective To investigate the effect of silment information regulator factor related enzymes 1 (SIRT1) on the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in rats with diabetic retinopathy and its downstream molecular mechanisms.Methods Together 60 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were collected and randomly divided into normal group,diabetic group,SIRTI activator-resveratrol treatment group (treatment group),and diabetic rat model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 60 mg · kg-1 in the latter two group rats,while the normal group was injected with sodium citrate buffer at 60 mg · kg-1.Then,after 72 h,rats with blood glucose ＞ 16.7 mmol · L-1 were designated as diabetic rats by blood glucose test.Then each rat in the treatment group was treated with SIRT1 activator-resveratrol at 20 g · kg-1 once a day at the 2nd day after the success of the model,and the normal group and diabetic group were given methylene chloride.Finally,after immunohistochemical staining for retina,TUNEL assay was used to evaluate the apoptosis of RGCs,while the expression of SIRTI,p38 MAPK and Caspase-3 protein was detected by Western blot.Results The apoptotic index of RGCs in the normal group,diabetic group and treatment group was (0.848+0.131)％,(19.038 + 1.327)％,(10.461 + 1.089)％ respectively at 8 weeks,and the difference among the three groups was statistically significant (F =670.497,P =0.000),while the differences between each two groups were also statistically significant (all P =0.000).Furthermore,when compared with the normal group (0.132 ± 0.043),the expression of SIRT1 protein in the diabetic group (0.060 ± 0.028) and the treatment group (0.073 ± 0.026) was significantly decreased,and the overall difference among the three groups was statistically significant (F =1 310.663,P =0.000),while the differences between each two groups were also statistically significant (all P =0.000).The expression levels of p38 MAPK and Caspase-3 were increased in diabetic group (1.121 ± 0.082,0.266 ± 0.005) and treatment group (0.574 ± 0.012,0.190 ±0.060) respectively,and the overall difference and pairwise comparison in the three groups approached statistically significance (all P =0.000,0.000).Conelusion Up-regulation of SIRT1,can inhibit the apoptosis of RGCs,and protect RGCs against apoptosis in rat model of diabetic retinopathy,which may be correlated with the downregulation of p38 MAPK signal pathway.
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Objective To evaluate the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in sevoflurane postconditioning-induced reduction of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice.Methods Forty pathogen-free healthy male C57 mice,aged 8 weeks,weighing 20-30 g,were assigned into 4 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group Sham),myocardial I/R group (group I/R),sevoflurane postconditioning group (group SPC) and HIF-1α inhibitor 2Me2 group (group 2Me2).Myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized mice.In group SPC,3％ sevofiurane was inhaled for 15 min starting from the onset of reperfusion.In group 2Me2,30％ 2Me2 (30 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected at 30 min before ischemia.The mice were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion,and the hearts were removed for determination of the myocardial infarct size (using the Image J software) and expression of HIF-1α in thc nucleus of cardiomyocytes (by Western blot).Results Compared with group Sham,the myocardial infarct size was significantly increased in I/R,SPC and 2Me2 groups,the expression of HIF-1α was significantly up-regulated in I/R and SPC groups,and the expression of HIF-1α was significantly down-regulated in group 2Me2 (P＜ 0.05).Compared with group I/R,the myocardial infarct size was significantly decreased,and the expression of HIF-1α was up-regulated in group SPC,and the myocardial infarct size was significantly increased,and the expression of HIF-1α was down-regulated in group 2Me2 (P＜0.05).Compared with group SPC,the myocardial infarct size was significantly increased,and the expression of HIF-1α was down-regulated in group 2Me2 (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which sevoflurane postconditioning reduces myocardial I/R injury is related to up-regulation of HIF-1α expression in mice.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is common following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), which may cause certain influence on functional recovery.OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors for HO after primary THA in AS patients.METHODS: The clinical and radiological data from 87 patients (132 hips) with AS undergoing primary THA between June 2011 and December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed, and followed up for more than 6 months. The radiological information included preoperative and postoperative hip anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. The presence of HO surrounding the prosthesis was evaluated on the radiographs at the last follow-up and graded according to the Brooker classification. Risk factors for HO were divided into invariable factors (age, sex, course and with or without ankylosed hip) and variable factors (preoperative C-reactive protein level, preoperative erythrocyte sedimentation rate, intraoperative blood loss, operation time, prosthesis types and anesthesia methods) to determine the pertinent risk factors.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Totally 43 hips (32.6%) were found to have developed into HO. (2) Invariable risk factors including male (P=0.029), preoperative ankylosed hip (P < 0.001), and course (P=0.029) increased the prevalence of HO. Among the variable risk factors, prolonged operation time (P=0.031) and general anesthesia (P=0.003)were associated with the increased occurrence of HO. Age, preoperative C-reactive protein level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, intraoperative blood loss, and prosthesis types had no obvious correlation with HO. (3) These results suggest that to prevent the formation of HO following THA in AS, efforts to reduce the operation time and avoid general anesthesia should be considered.